久久久国产精品入口麻豆,毛片在线网站,在线成人h网,国产欧美精品一区二区三区-老狼

特色推薦
本套圖書集中國古代建筑之大成，全書按建筑文化區域作為大類，建筑細部作為細分，是對中式古建筑的一次精密梳理歸納，具有廣泛、權威、典藏、品鑒的特點。
本書共七本一套，從全國各地選取了近200個中國古代建筑項目，所有實景均為攝影師走遍中國實地拍攝得來，輻射范圍之廣遠甚于同類的其他書籍。我們不僅僅是將北京、天津、河北、河南、山東、山西、陜西、上海、安徽、浙江、江蘇、湖北、湖南、江西、四川、重慶、云南、貴州、廣東、廣西、福建、海南、香港、澳門等地的古建筑細部進行實景呈現。在全面展示中國各個文化區域里不同古建筑類型的建筑樣式、材料運用、細部構造和設計特色同時，也為讀者做了一次較為完整的中式建筑巡禮，更重要的是，這樣一次巡禮深入地再現了中國不同區域的傳統文化。對于讀者和設計師而言，了解建筑細部和結構的設計固然利于借鑒，但對建筑背后的文化能夠有更加深入地了解，將文化的脈絡溶進自己的作品思想里，卻無疑對作品的成功有更為積極的作用，對于中國現代建筑的發展亦有不可忽視的推動意義！

Summary
With seven books in a set, it includes about 200 archaic Chinese buildings. All real images were taken on site by photographers travelling across the country. The coverage is much broader than other books in its kind. Details of archaic Chinese buildings across the country are not only presented by images as how they look on site, but also by texts to give an all-round description about archaic Chinese buildings as well as culture behind them. That helps readers look deeper into the designs. This book gives a full display of various archaic Chinese buildings across China in terms of styles, materials, detailed structure and designing features. Reading it is like taking an exploratory journey into Chinese architecture, which recaptures traditions of regions where the projects are located. For architects, deep understanding about culture that buildings are based on helps blend culture context into their works. That generates positive impact on the development of modern Chinese architecture.

項 目 介 紹

Introduction

細部名稱
整體
入口（整體、門檐、大門、基座、院墻）
庭院（整體、垂花門、鋪地、月洞門、巷道、其他）
屋頂（整體、屋脊、山墻、屋檐）
屋身（整體、斗拱、雀替、彩畫、門頭、門、窗、墻、柱子、欄桿、雕飾、走廊）
地基（柱頂石、踏跺、須彌座、欄桿、月臺）
室內空間（天花、廳堂、墻、樓梯、隔斷、回廊、鋪地、柱子）
建筑小品（亭、廊、橋、角樓、華表、影壁、牌坊、雕塑、路牌、其他）

Details
Overall
Entrances (Overall, Lintels, Gates, Pedestals, Courtyard Walls)
Courtyards (Overall, Festooned Doors, Pavage, Moon Gates, Alleys, Others)
Roofs (Overall, Roof Ridges, Gables, Eaves)
Main Bodies (Overall, Dou Gongs, Decorated Brackets, Color Paintings, Door Heads, Doors, Windows, Walls, Pillars, Railings, Carving Decorations, Hallways)
Foundations (Dosserets, Flight of Steps, Sumeru Thrones, Railings, Platforms)
Interior Spaces (Ceilings, Halls, Walls, Stairs, Partitions, Verandas, Paving, Pillars)
Architectural Pieces (Bowers, Roofed Promenades, Bridges, Turrets, Marble Cloud Pillars, Screen-walls, Chinese Archways, Sculptures, Guiding Signs, Others)

北方文化區域
Northern Region

居住建筑
民居
山西汾西師家溝民居
山西襄汾丁家村民居
山西平遙古城之民居
陜西韓城黨家村民居
北京帽兒胡同
大院
山西太谷曹家大院
山西祁縣喬家大院
山西祁縣渠家大院
天津石家大院
山東曲阜孔府
山東臨沂莊氏莊園
河南鞏義康百萬莊園

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
The Shi’s Village Houses, Fenxi County, Shanxi Province
The Ding’s Village Houses, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province
Folk Houses of Pingyao Town, Shanxi Province
The Dang’s Village Houses, Hancheng, Shaanxi Province
Maoer Alley, Beijing
Courtyard Dwellings
The Cao’s Courtyard Dwelling, Taigu County, Shanxi Province
The Qiao’s Courtyard Dwelling, Qi County, Shanxi Province
The Qu’s Courtyard Dwelling, Qi County, Shanxi Province
The Shi’s Courtyard Dwelling, Tianjin
Confucian Mansion, Qufu, Shandong Province
The Zhuang’s Manor, Linyi, Shandong Province
Kang Baiwan Manor, Gongyi, Henan Province


城市公共建筑
鐘樓
河北正定開元寺之唐代鐘樓
鼓樓
陜西西安鼓樓
古城樓
山西平遙古城之街道、城池、門樓、牌樓
街
北京前門大街
北京頤和園蘇州街
天津古文化街
書院
河南登封嵩陽書院

Public Buildings
Bell Towers
Bell Tower of Kaiyuan Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Drum Towers
Xi’an Drum Tower, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province
City Gate Towers
Streets, Gate Towers, Archways of Pingyao Town, Shanxi Province
Streets
Qianmen Avenue, Beijing
Suzhou Street, The Summer Palace, Beijing
Ancient Culture Street, Tianjin
Academies
Songyang Academy, Dengfeng, Henan Province


皇家建筑
宮殿
河北承德行宮
北京故宮
王府
北京恭王府
縣衙
山西平遙古城之縣衙

Imperial Architecture
Palaces
Chengde Palace, Chengde, Hebei Province
The Forbidden City, Beijing
Mansions of Princes
Mansion of Prince Gong, Beijing
Courthouses (Yamens)
Pingyao Yamen, Shanxi Province

宗教建筑
寺
北京雍和宮
北京廣濟寺
北京廣化寺
北京潭柘寺
北京圓明園正覺寺
北京智化寺
北京頤和園佛香閣
天津薊縣獨樂寺
山西大同善化寺
山西大同昊天寺
山西大同華嚴寺
山西恒山懸空寺
河北承德普樂寺、普寧寺
河北正定開元寺
河北正定隆興寺
河北井陘蒼巖山橋樓殿
陜西扶風法門寺
河南開封大相國寺
河南登封嵩山少林寺
河南登封法王寺
河南洛陽白馬寺
塔
北京潭柘寺之塔
陜西扶風法門寺之塔
河北承德避暑山莊之塔
河北承德普樂寺、普寧寺之塔
河北正定開元寺之廣慧寺華塔
河北正定開元寺之唐代雁塔（須彌塔）
河南登封法王寺之塔
河南登封嵩山少林寺之塔
天津薊縣獨樂寺、白塔寺之塔
山西應縣木塔
道觀
陜西西安八仙宮
山西平遙古城之清虛觀

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
Yonghe Lamasery
Guangji Temple, Beijing
Guanghua Temple, Beijing
Tantuo Temple, Beijing
Zhengjue Temple, The Summer Palace, Beijing
Zhihua Temple, Beijing
Foxiang Court, The Summer Palace, Beijing
Dule Temple, Jixian County, Tianjin
Shanhua Temple, Datong, Shanxi Province
Haotian Temple, Datong, Shanxi Province
Huayan Temple, Datong, Shanxi Province
Xuankong Temple, Hengshan Mountain, Shanxi Province
Pule Temple, Puning Temple, Chengde, Hebei Province
Kaiyuan Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Longxing Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Yanshanqiao Hall, Jingxing County, Hebei Province
Famen Temple, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province
Xiangguo Temple, Kaifeng, Henan Province
Shaolin Temple, Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng, Henan Province
Fawang Temple, Dengfeng, Henan Province
Baima Temple, Luoyang, Henan Province
Pagodas
Pagoda of Tantuo Temple, Beijing
Pagoda of Famen Temple, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province
Pagoda of The Summer Resort, Chengde
Pagoda of Pule Temple, Puning Temple, Chengde, Hebei Province
Duobao Pagoda of Kaiyuan Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Yanta Tower of Kaiyuan Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Pagoda of Fawang Temple, Dengfeng, Henan Province
Pagoda of Shaolin Temple, Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng, Henan Province
Pagodas of Dule Temple, Baita Temple, Jixian County, Tianjin
Yingxian Timber Pagoda, Yingxian County, Shanxi Province
Taoist Temples
The Eight Immortals Taoist Temple, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province
Qingxu Taoist Temple of Pingyao Town, Shanxi Province

祠祀建筑
壇
北京地壇
北京天壇
廟
河北正定文廟大成殿
北京什剎?；鸬抡婢龔R、萬寧橋、煙袋斜街
山西平遙古城之城隍廟
山西平遙古城之文廟
山東曲阜孔廟
山東曲阜周公廟

Ritual Buildings
Alters
Altar of the Earth, Beijing
Altar of the Heaven, Beijing
Shrines
Confucian Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province
Huode Zhenjun Temple, Beijing
Town God’s Temple of Pingyao Town, Shanxi Province
Confucian Temple of Pingyao Town, Shanxi Province
Confucian Shrine, Qufu, Shandong Province
Zhou Gong Shrine, Qufu, Shandong Province


園林建筑
皇家園林
北京頤和園
河北承德避暑山莊

Landscape Architecture
Imperial Gardens
The Summer Palace, Beijing
The Mountain Resort, Chengde, Hebei Province

江南文化區域
Jiangnan Region

居住建筑
民居
上海新天地石庫門建筑
上海石庫門建筑
安徽徽州潛口古民居
安徽黟縣宏村民居
湖北大冶水南灣民居
湖北通山寶石民居
江西婺源大理坑村民居
江西婺源江灣古民居

大院
浙江泰順胡氏大院
浙江杭州胡雪巖谷居

村
浙江新葉古村
安徽歙縣漁梁村
湖北通山王明璠村
江西南昌安義古村落
江西婺源思溪延村
江西婺源汪口村

古鎮
上海七寶鎮
江蘇昆山周莊古鎮
江蘇吳江同里古鎮
江蘇昆山千燈古鎮
安徽三河古鎮

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
Shikumen Houses, Xintiandi, Shanghai
Shikumen Houses, Shanghai
Qiankou Village Houses, Huizhou, Anhui Province
Hongcun Village Houses, Yixian County, Anhui Province
Shuinanwan Village Houses, Dazhi, Hubei Province
Baoshi Village Houses, Tongshan County, Hubei Province
Dalikeng Village Houses, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province
Folk Houses of Jiangwan Town, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province
Courtyard Dwellings
The Hu’s Courtyard Dwelling, Taishun County, Zhejiang Province
The Old Residence of Hu Xueyan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Villages
Xinye Village, Zhejiang Province
Yuliang Village, Shexian County, Anhui Province
Wangmingfan Village, Tongshan County, Hubei Province
Anyi Village, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province
Sixiyan Village, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province
Wangkou Village, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province
Ancient Towns
Qibao Town, Shanghai
Zhouzhuang Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province
Tongli Town, Wujiang District, Jiangsu Province
Qiandeng Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province
Sanhe Town, Anhui Province

城市公共建筑
古城樓
安徽歙縣徽州古城
書院
湖南長沙岳麓書院

Public Buildings
City Gate Towers
Gate Tower of Huizhou Town, Shexian County, Anhui Province
Academies
Yuelu Academy, Changsha, Hunan Province

宗教建筑
寺
上海玉佛寺
浙江杭州靈隱寺
江蘇蘇州開元寺無梁殿
江蘇揚州大明寺
江蘇南京雞鳴寺
安徽池州九華山甘露寺
安徽蕪湖廣濟寺
湖北宜昌玉泉寺
湖北武漢歸元寺
湖南長沙麓山寺
江西九江東林寺

塔
浙江杭州六和塔
浙江新葉古村之塔
江西南昌繩金塔
江蘇揚州大明寺之塔
江蘇南京雞鳴寺之塔
江蘇昆山周莊古鎮之塔
安徽蕪湖廣濟寺之塔
湖北宜昌玉泉寺之塔

道觀
上海城隍廟
江蘇蘇州玄妙觀三清殿
湖北十堰武當山

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
Jade Buddha Temple, Shanghai
Temple of Soul's Retreat, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Kaiyuan Temple, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Daming Temple, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province
Jiming Temple, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
Ganlu Temple, Chizhou, Anhui Province
Guangji Temple, Wuhu, Anhui Province
Yuquan Temple, Yichang, Hubei Province
Guiyuan Temple, Wuhan, Hubei Province
Lushan Temple, Changsha, Hunan Province
Donglin Temple, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province
Pagodas
Liuhe Pagoda, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Pagoda of Xinye Village, Zhejiang Province
Shengjin Pagoda, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province
Pagoda of Daming Temple, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province
Pagoda of Jiming Temple, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
Pagoda of Zhouzhuang Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province
Pagoda of Guangji Temple, Wuhu, Anhui Province
Pagoda of Yuquan Temple, Yichang, Hubei Province
Taoist Temples
Town God's Temple, Shanghai
Xuanmiao Taoist Temple, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Wudang Taoist Temple, Shiyan, Hubei Province

祠祀建筑
祠堂
安徽歙縣棠樾牌坊群

廟
上海靜安寺

Ritual Buildings
Ancestral Halls
The Ancestral Halls in Tangyue, Shexian County, Anhui Province
Shrines
Jingan Shrine, Shanghai

園林建筑
私家園林
上海豫園
江蘇蘇州滄浪亭
江蘇蘇州留園
江蘇蘇州獅子林
江蘇蘇州拙政園

風景名勝
浙江杭州西湖
浙江溫州泰順橋

Landscape Architecture
Private Gardens
Yuyuan Garden, Shanghai
Garden of Surging Wave Pavilion, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Lingering Garden, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Lion Grove Garden, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Places of Interest
West Lake, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Taishun Bridges, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province

嶺南文化區域
Lingnan Region

居住建筑
民居
廣東廣州西浦村嶺南民居
海南?？谥x氏家宅等民居
海南?？谇鹂Ｅf居
海南?？诤Ｈ鹋f居
香港元朗天水圍民居
大院
海南海口侯家大院
澳門盧家大屋
村
廣東增城坑背村
廣東東莞南社村
香港吉慶圍（村）

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
Xipu Village Houses, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
The Xie’s Mansion, Haikou, Hainan Province
Qiu Jun’s Old Residence, Haikou, Hainan Province
Hai Rui’s Old Residence, Haikou, Hainan Province
Folk Houses of Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai
Courtyard Dwellings
The Hou’s Courtyard House, Haikou, Hainan Province
The Lu’s Mansion, Macau
Villages
Kengbei Village, Zengcheng, Guangdong Province
Nanshe Village, Dongguan, Guangdong Province
Kat Hing Wai (Village), Hong Kong

城市公共建筑
書院
香港元朗天水圍之覲廷書室

Public Buildings
Academies
Kun Ting Study Hall, Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong

皇家建筑
王府
廣西忻城莫土司衙署

Imperial Architecture
Mansions of Princes
Chancery Court of Mo Tribal Chief, Xincheng County, Guangxi Province

宗教建筑
寺
廣東韶關南華寺
塔
廣東韶關南華寺之塔

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
Nanhua Temple, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province
Pagodas
Pagoda of Nanhua Temple, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province

祠祀建筑
祠堂
廣東廣州陳家祠
海南?？谖涔?br/>香港粉嶺彭氏宗祠
香港元朗天水圍之俞喬二公祠與鄧氏宗祠
香港上水廖萬石堂
廟
海南?？谖魈鞆R
廣東佛山祖廟
澳門媽祖閣
香港天后廟

Ritual Buildings
Ancestral Halls
Chen Clan Academy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
Wugong Temple, Haikou, Hainan Province
Pang’s Ancestral Hall, Fanling, Hong Kong
Yu Kiu Ancestral Hall, Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
Liu Man Shek Tong (Ancestral Hall), Sheung Shui, Hong Kong
Shrines
Western Paradise Shrine, Haikou, Hainan Province
Foshan Ancestral Shrine, Foshan, Guangdong Province
A-Ma Temple, Macau
Tin Hau Temple, Hong Kong

園林建筑
私家園林
廣東東莞可園
廣東東莞粵暉園
廣東廣州寶墨園
廣東廣州余蔭山房
廣東順德清暉園
廣東佛山梁園

Landscape Architecture
Private Gardens
Keyuan Garden, Dongguan, Guangdong Province
Yuehui Garden, Dongguan, Guangdong Province
Baomo Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
Yuyin Mountain House, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
Qinghui Garden, Shunde, Guangdong Province
Liangyuan Garden, Foshan, Guangdong Province

閩臺文化區域
Mintai Region

居住建筑
民居
福建永定高北村土樓
福建永定洪坑村土樓
福建永定初溪村土樓

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
Earth Building of Gaobei Village, Yongding County, Fujian Province
Earth Building of Hongkeng Village, Yongding County, Fujian Province
Earth Building of Chuxi Village, Yongding County, Fujian Province

宗教建筑
寺
福建廈門梵天禪寺

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
Brahma Meditation Temple, Xiamen, Fujiang Province

巴蜀文化區域
Sichuan Region

居住建筑
民居
四川江安夕佳山民居
重慶雙江楊氏舊居
寨
四川甘孜丹巴甲居藏寨
四川理縣桃坪羌寨
古鎮
四川自貢仙市古鎮
四川洛帶古鎮
四川宜賓李莊古鎮
重慶沙坪壩磁器口古鎮

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
Xijiashan Folk Houses, Jiangan County, Sichuan Province
Yang’s Former Residence, Shuangjiang Town, Chongqing
Stockades
Bajiaju Tibetan Stockade, Danba County, Ganzi Autonomous Prefectures, Sichuan Province
Qiang Stockade, Taoping County, Sichuan Province
Ancient Towns
Xianshi Town, Zigong, Sichuan Province
Luodai Town, Sichuan Province
Lizhuang Town, Yibin, Sichuan Province
Ciqikou Town, Shapingba District, Chongqing

城市公共建筑
古城樓
四川閬中古城

Public Buildings
City Gate Towers
Langzhong City Towers, Sichuan Province

宗教建筑
寺
四川成都文殊院
四川峨眉山報國寺
重慶沙坪壩寶輪寺
道觀
四川成都青羊宮

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
Wenshu Monastery, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
Baoguo Temple, Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province
Baolun Temple, Shapingba, District, Chongqing
Taoist Temples
Qingyang Taoist Temple, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

園林建筑
私家園林
四川安仁劉氏莊園

Landscape Architecture
Private Gardens
Liu’s Manor, Anren Town, Sichuan Province

西南文化區域
Southwestern Region

居住建筑
民居
云南麗江納西民居
云南麗江玉壺村民居
云南石屏鄭營村民居
云南建水團山村民居
貴州增沖鼓樓及民居
貴州遵義會議會址
寨
貴州鎮寧石頭寨
古鎮
云南大理喜洲鎮
貴州從江肇興古鎮

Residential Buildings
Folk Houses
Nahsi Folk Houses, Lijiang, Yunnan Province
Yuhu Village Houses, Lijiang, Yunnan Province
Zhengying Village Houses, Shiping County, Yunnan Province
Tuanshan Village Houses, Jianshui County, Yunnan Province
Zengcong Drum Tower & Folk Houses, Guizhou Province
The Site of the Zunyi Conference, Guizhou Province
Stockades
Zhenning Stone Stockade, Guizhou Province
Ancient Towns
Xizhou Town, Dali, Yunnan Province
Zhaoxing Town, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province

城市公共建筑
鼓樓
貴州從江鼓樓

Public Buildings
Drum Towers
Congjiang Drum Tower, Guizhou Province

宗教建筑
寺
云南大理觀音堂

Religious Buildings
Buddhist Temples
The Goddess of Mercy Temple, Dali, Yunnan Province

祠祀建筑
祠堂
云南石屏鄭營村宗祠

Ritual Buildings
Ancestral Hall
Ancestral Hall of Zhengying Village, Shiping County, Yunnan Province

園林建筑
私家園林
云南大理張家花園
風景名勝
貴州從江風雨橋
貴州從江岜團橋
貴州從江地坪風雨橋
貴州三都風雨橋

Landscape Architecture
Private Gardens
Zhang’s Garden, Dali, Yunnan Province
Places of Interest
Congjiang Covered Bridge, Guizhou Province
Congjiang Biatuan Bridge, Guizhou Province
Congjiang Diping Covered Bridge, Guizhoug Province
Sandu Covered Bridge, Guizhou Province


精 彩 文 摘
Digest
北方文化區域
北方文化區域即秦嶺—淮河以北的中國所有地區。其聚落集中，總體的古建筑特征是：房屋墻體較厚，有院落，防風保暖。皇家園林建筑以紅黃為主色調，既顯示出皇權的尊容富貴，又與寬闊整齊的地形、多藍天白云的氣候特點相互輝映。
受地理環境和氣候的影響，建筑的特點是：在淮河以北至黑龍江以南的廣大平原地區，組群方整規則，庭院較大，但尺度合宜；建筑造型起伏不大，屋身低平，屋頂曲線平緩；多用磚瓦，木結構用料較大，裝修比較簡單?？偟娘L格是開朗大度；黃河以西至甘肅、寧夏的黃土高原地區，院落的封閉性很強，屋身低矮，屋頂坡度低緩，還有相當多的建筑使用平頂，很少使用磚瓦，多用土坯或夯土墻，木裝修更簡單?？偟娘L格是質樸敦厚，但在回族聚居地建有許多清真寺，它們體量高大，屋頂陡峻，裝修華麗，色彩濃重，與一般民間建筑有明顯的不同。
在庭院上的差別，華北地區住宅庭院較方闊，有利于冬季多納陽光；東北的院落更加寬大；稍南的晉、陜、豫等省，夏季西曬嚴重，院子變得窄長；西北地區風沙很大，院墻加高，謂之莊窠。因此，黃河中上游地區多窯洞式住宅。
北方文化區域傳統的建筑類型有：居住建筑、城市公共建筑、皇家建筑、宗教建筑、宗祠建筑和園林建筑等。每一種類型的建筑都因北方的地理環境和氣候而顯示出了在相同文化背景下的不同細部構造特色。

Northern Region
Northern region refer to areas on the north of Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Line in China. The ancient buildings there have courtyards and thick walls to resist strong winds and keep the buildings warm.

In the regions on the north of Huaihe River and the south of Heilongjinag River, residential complexes have regular configuration with large courtyards. Their main bodies are low and even, covered by gently sloping roofs of tiles and bricks. Buildings on the Loess Plateau stay in an enclosed layout. Their main bodies feature low walls made of clay bricks or rammed earth, and most of them adopt flat roofs without tiles or bricks. In habitations of the Hui nationality, there are lots of mosques, which have large volumes, steep roofs and gorgeous decorations.

Residential courtyards in North China allow more sunlight in. Those in northeastern regions are larger. In lower regions, courtyards are longer and narrower. And courtyards in northwestern regions have higher walls. On the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, cave residences are common.

There are residential buildings, public buildings, imperial architecture, religious buildings, ritual buildings and landscape architecture in northern region.


江南文化區域
南方炎熱多雨，多山地丘陵，人稠地窄，住宅比較緊湊，多樓房，房屋多為南向或東南向。有的地方為了加強空氣流通與防潮，房屋下部采用桿欄式構造。建筑材料除土木以外，多采用竹子與蘆葦。山區則廣泛運用石材，以條石筑壁，片石敷頂。森林地區則常使用井干式構造。
江南典型的住宅以面積甚小的橫長方形天井為中心，北面是兩坡硬山頂，其他三面都是斜向天井的單坡頂。所有墻頭都高出屋頂以利防火，山墻作階梯狀跌落1～3次，稱為封火山墻或馬頭山墻。墻面一般以白灰粉刷，墻頂覆以青瓦，有的墻面為清水灰磚，只在接近墻頂處粉刷白灰，色調明朗雅素。宅門是裝飾集中的地方，有雕磚覆瓦的門檐，有時做出雕磚牌樓的樣式。院內和室內門、窗、欄桿和月梁及梁柱的交接點都廣泛采用木雕，表面多素面或涂素油顯露木紋，頗樸素簡潔。
江南文化區域指長江中下游一帶，包括江蘇、安徽的南部，上海、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南等。其傳統的建筑類型有：居住建筑、城市公共建筑、皇家建筑、宗教建筑、祠祀建筑和園林建筑等。氣候因素對江南建筑的影響非常明顯，屋面、墻壁一般做得很薄，梁柱等結構都做得很輕巧。因為夏季的酷熱，需要加強室內通風與對流，雙向都需要開很多的窗，經常出現一些半封閉或敞開的室內空間，呈現出室內外空間融為一體的輕巧活潑、玲瓏剔透、空靈飄逸的建筑外貌。

Jiangnan Region
Jiangnan is a populated region with hills spreading over. Hence compact multistory buildings are preferred here, especially those facing south or southeast. Due to hot and rainy climate, some houses adopt stilted bottom to improve ventilation and moisture-proofing. In addition to mud and wood, bamboos and reeds are also popular construction materials. Stone is widely used in mountainous area. And stilted structure is common in forests.

Typical Jiangnan style residences center on a small rectangle patio. On the north is flush gable roof with double slopes while on other three sides are single pitch roofs sloping to the patio. All copings of walls are higher than roofs for fireproofing. Some gables are painted with lime and capped with gray tiles. Some gables are exposed gray bricks and the upper parts are painted with lime. The door has various decorations, such as eaves of carving bricks in the form of archway. Intersections between crescent beams and columns, between doors, windows and railings, adopt wood carvings, which have no cover paint or transparent paint to expose grains.

Jiangnan region refers to the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and etc. The traditional architectural types are residential, public, imperial, religious, ritual and landscape architecture. Climate is an influential element for Jiangnan style architecture. That is why roofs and walls are thin; beams and pillars are light weighted. Because of hot summer, many windows are necessary for ventilation and convection. Half-enclosed and open interior spaces can be often found integrated with the lively exteriors.


嶺南文化區域
嶺南是中國一個特定的環境區域，主要包括廣東、廣西、海南三省區和香港、澳門。因此，從地域上來說，嶺南文化大體分為珠江系文化、桂系文化和海南文化。嶺南作為中華大陸獨特的地域，其內涵的豐富與完善經過了漫長的歷史進程。
秦漢以來，中原文化、荊楚文化、吳越文化和巴蜀文化先后涌入，而海洋帶來的海外文化也侵浸多年，深深沁染，在南中國這片潮濕、炎熱的土地上，逐漸形成了以屬于珠江系文化的廣府文化、客家文化、潮汕文化三大文化為主體的嶺南文化體系。
嶺南建筑及其裝飾在中國建筑之林中占有重要的地位，在北方傳統建筑特色的基礎上，融合本地獨有的自然、氣候、土著文化等諸因素而逐漸形成，它兼容并蓄，不強求過分的統一和一致，沒有嚴格的型制要求及嚴謹的等級限制。其唯一遵守的只是歷代皇朝工部律例中所規定民宅規模，如開間數量、斗拱作法、屋頂形制、使用圖案、顏色等，而彼此之間無需攀比，很少較量。
嶺南文化區域傳統的建筑類型主要有：居住建筑、城市公共建筑、皇家建筑、宗教建筑和園林建筑。建筑的特點通常表現在：在功能上具有隔熱、遮陽、通風的特點；建筑物頂部常做成多層斜坡頂；外立面顏色以深灰色、淺色為主；以及方形柱的運用。嶺南建筑的布局、裝飾的格調十分自由和自然。由于氣候溫和，人們活動空間向外推移，因而，露臺、敞廊、敞廳等開放性空間得到了充分的安排，人們從封閉的室內環境中走向了自然，形成嶺南建筑裝飾空間的自由、流暢、開敞的特點。

Lingnan Region
Lingnan region includes Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Hainan Province, Hong Kong and Macau. In terms of geography, Lingnan culture can be divided into Guangdong culture, Guangxi culture and Hainan culture. It has taken a very long time for Lingnan region to form its own unique characteristics gradually.

After Qin and Han dynasties, Lingnan region was influenced by various cultures from the central plains of China, and foreign cultures brought by marine transportation. Gradually, Lingnan culture system came into shape. It was composed by three branches, by now, which are known as Cantonese culture, Chaozhou culture and Hakkas culture.

Lingnan style architecture and related decorations play an important role in Chinese architecture. By fitting in local nature, climate and aboriginal culture, Lingnan architecture develops a relatively free form based on traditional architecture in South China. The only standard must be followed is the regulations about scale of civilian residences issued by the government at that time. For example, numbers of bays, creation of Dou Gong, rank of roofs and usage of patterns and colors had to follow the regulations.

Traditional buildings in Lingnan region can be divided into the following categories: residential buildings, public buildings, imperial architecture, religious buildings and landscape architecture. The Lingnan buildings are good in heat insulation, sun-shading and ventilation. And their roofs are often made in multilayer slope ones. The exterior facades are mainly painted in dark gray or light colors, whilst rectangular pillars are widely used. The overall layout and decorations are very free and natural. Thanks to mild climate, open spaces in the air, such as balconies and outdoor lounges, are well arranged, creating free, smooth and open environment for activities in nature.

閩臺文化區域
福建與臺灣僅一水之隔，歷史上臺灣在很長時期內曾是福建的一部分。明代以后大閩人移居臺灣，共同創造了以閩南方言和客家方言為主要載體的臺灣文化，清以后臺灣雖獨立建省，但兩種文化血緣仍密不可分。
從地理環境看，閩臺都是瀕海地區，即使內陸兇地，也是江河橫貫，水流豐沛。在中原農耕文化南入之后，與固有的海洋文化因素融合，形成了閩臺皆以稻田為主、兼及漁撈的南方水作文化的特征。地理環境的共同性帶來的閩臺社會生產與生活方式的相似性。
閩臺文化以閩臺區域范圍內的主要特色文化為框架，以閩方言為主要載體，以歷史發展為主線，涵蓋閩臺歷史淵源、文化特征、宗教、民俗、文學、藝術、教育等文化元素。它既是中國傳統文化的重要組成部分，又富有鮮明的區域文化特色。
閩臺傳統建筑文化是閩臺文化的重要組成部分。福建傳統建筑沿襲著中國傳統建筑木構架為主體的建筑形式，又在移民入臺定居后相繼傳入臺灣，形成閩臺許多共同的建筑形式與工匠藝術。往往以地理空間上的形勝來實現人、建筑與自然環境和諧的基本條件。而建筑空間的創作，則以中軸、對稱、主次、尊卑等手法，通過建筑的方位、規模、色彩、材料、形式等一系列嚴格的建筑等級制度與建筑形式來反映。庭院則充當了自然與人類社會的中介，充滿內聚力的空間。閩臺傳統建筑雖然在建筑細部的處理上有所不同，卻體現了中華民族建筑文化紛呈多彩的地域建筑文化特性。
閩臺文化區域傳統的建筑類型有：居住建筑、城市公共建筑、宗教建筑、祠祀建筑和園林建筑等。每一種建筑類型都反映了閩臺傳統建筑的地域特色。
Mintai Region
Facing each other across a strait, Fujian and Taiwan used to be two parts of a province. In Ming Dynasty, Min nationality in Fujian immigrated to Taiwan and developed a culture of Taiwan out of theirs. Though Taiwan became a province in Qing Dynasty, the culture still closely connects with Fujian.

Both Fujian and Taiwan are coastal provinces with widespread waterways. The geographical conditions shared in common allow Fujian and Taiwan to have similarities in social production and lifestyle.

Mintai culture covers cultural elements like historical origin, cultural features, religions, folk custom, literature, arts and education. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, it has its own distinctive features.

Mintai region mainly includes Fujian Province and Taiwan Province. Fujian style buildings, like what traditional Chinese buildings do, take timber frame as the main body. Later, they were introduced into Taiwan Province by immigrants. The creation of architectural space often adopts strict orderly systems and architectural forms by using construction methods like central axis, symmetry, sequence of priority and rating system. The courtyard is the transition between nature and human, a space which is filled with the power of cohesion. Though there are differences in architectural details, all of them embody the cultural and regional diversity of Chinese ethnic buildings.

In this area, there are following types of buildings: residential buildings, public buildings, ritual buildings, religious buildings and landscape architecture. All shows local traditions.


巴蜀文化區域
巴蜀文化是華夏文化的一個分支，是中國四川盆地中成都的蜀和重慶的巴所代表的文化。素有“天府之國”美稱的四川盆地，具有異常獨特的自然地理特征，四周山岳高聳、圍合封閉，與外界相對隔離，但其域內河川縱橫、交通便利、氣候溫和、土地肥美、雨量充沛、物產豐富。反映在建筑文化上，則表現為自成一格的川渝古代建筑風格特征，在中國傳統建筑共性的基礎上，展示著巴蜀建筑文化的強烈個性?？偨Y起來巴蜀建筑有以下幾點特征：
一、注重環境綠化和園林化。城鎮、園林、寺廟、民居與山川自然環境有機融合，構成一幅幅生動的“天人合一”田園生活場景圖畫。二、曲軸運用。中國傳統建筑布局講究中軸對稱，但在巴蜀山地條件下，這個原則運用得相當變通靈活，且有了創造性的發展，最主要的便是曲軸手法。三、巧取地形，智取空間。四、講風水，注重相地。
另外，川渝古建筑在建筑型制、建筑形象和一些構造做法上，一方面表現出古風猶存的遺意，給人以古樸之感，另一方面，又表現出奇智巧思，富于獨創的作風，給人以鼎新求異的深刻印象。比如川渝獨創的一種牌樓式組合屋頂，把牌樓與常見的歇山、懸山屋頂形式相結合，利用重構的手法，形成一種豐富多彩、高低錯落、輪廓變化的組合式屋頂；翼角的蝦須構造也十分別致且穩固；斗拱形態豐富而浪漫，喜用P型、S型等曲線形斗拱等等。
巴蜀的建筑文化是兼收并蓄、多元融合的，不僅融合了漢族主流派的建筑文化，本地區少數民族的融合演變也投射在了建筑文化上，清末和近代歐洲古典建筑文化也對其產生了一定的影響，這反映出了巴蜀傳統文化的寬容度與融合力?？傊?，在長期的歷史發展中，川渝建筑形成了飄逸、灑脫、輕靈、薄透、素雅、質樸的建筑藝術風格。
屬于這一地區的建筑類型有居住建筑、城市公共建筑、皇家建筑、宗教建筑、宗祠建筑和園林建筑等。

Sichuan Region
Sichuan region includes Chengdu and Chongqing. Praised as a land of abundance, it is characterized by very unique climate and geographical conditions. Sichuan region is a basin enclosed by mountains. Land within the basin enjoy wide spread water networks, fertile soil, abundant rainfall and rich resources. Those elements give unique style to architecture in this region on the basis of traditional Chinese style. To sum up, the features are as the follows:

Firstly, great attention was paid to greenery and landscape. Towns, gardens, temples, folk houses were blended into natural environment. Secondly, straight axis was turned into a flexible one because of diverse geographical conditions in Sichuan region. Thirdly, landforms were creatively made use of to get spaces. Fourthly, Fengshui theory and site investigation are very important.

In terms of style, image and construction, ancient buildings in Sichuan region feature archaic style with impressive innovation in design. Take the combined roof for example. It is blended with hip and gable roofs or overhanging gable roofs. Modular structures arranged in a repeating way make roof varies in color, height and shapes. Whisker-like structures are very special and firm. Dou Gong in the shape of P and S were popular.

Sichuan style architecture features an open nature to embrace other styles, including Han style architecture and evolution of minority nationality. The architecture is even impressed by Qing style and modern classical European style. In short, Sichuan style architecture is shaped with simple but elegant style in long history of development.

This region has the following architectural types: residential buildings, public buildings, ritual buildings, religious buildings, imperial architecture and landscape architecture.

西南文化區域
西南文化區域主要包括云南、貴州等區域。在歷史進程中，西南地區的整合經歷了一個十分復雜的過程。一方面，由于遠離中央政權，在較長的時段里一直作為少數民族的勢力范圍，與中央王朝保持一種非統轄的關系。在地形上的相對封閉性也讓西南地區更有可能成為一個相對獨立的地理單元。另一方面，正是在遠離中央政權的前提下，西南地區充當著不同地域之間經濟生活、宗教信仰等彼此交流、融合、共生共存的舞臺。民族的多樣性及復雜的地理環境使得這一地區傳統建筑豐富多彩，成為一個世界原生態建筑博物館。
云南大部分為高原地區，且南北的緯度和海拔相差較大，是一個多民族聚居的省份。由于地廣人稀，自然環境多樣，文化多元，造就了云南傳統建筑的獨特的鄉土性和豐富多樣性。
貴州民族建筑特色鮮明，少數民族的民間建筑，式樣繁多，風格迥異，各具千秋。較突出的有黔東南和黔西南苗族、侗族、布依族的“干欄”式住房，白族的寺院建筑等。尤其是侗族鼓樓、風雨橋，布依族石頭房，苗族吊腳樓最具特色。各民族還利用地處高原，跬步皆山，創造了“石頭文化”，用石頭奠基，用石塊砌墻，用石板蓋頂，構筑了鱗次櫛比的石頭建筑。
西南文化區域傳統的建筑類型有：居住建筑、城市公共建筑、宗教建筑、祠祀建筑和園林建筑等。每一種建筑類型都因自然環境、社會環境、民族特征等主客觀因素呈現出多樣性的特點。

Southwestern Region
Southwestern region mainly refers to Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province. The unification of this region has undergone a very complicated process. For one reason, it was far away from the capital. Therefore it had been ruled by local minority nationalities against the central government for quite a long time. For another reason, it served as a stage for exchange of economies and religions between surrounding regions. Diverse minority nationalities and complicated geographical conditions contribute to the rich architecture in this region, making it a showcase of undisturbed architecture.

Most Yunnan areas are taken up by plateau. The difference between the latitudes and altitude of the north and south is pretty large. Sparse population of this vase region, diverse natural conditions and cultural diversity shape the unique local characteristic and diversity of traditional Yunnan architecture.

In Guizhou Province, ethnic buildings are rich in forms and styles. The outstanding ones are stilted houses built by the Miao, the Dong and the Puyi in south Guizhou, and temples by the Bai. Among them, the most special ones are drum towers and shelter bridges by the Dong, stone houses by the Puyi and stilted houses by the Miao.

Conventional architectural types in southwestern region include residential buildings, public buildings, religious buildings, ritual buildings and landscape architecture. Each type shows diversity due to factors of natural conditions, society and ethnic features.